Feb 24, 2025 | Current Affairs for UPSC, State PCS & other Govt. Exams

According to a recent report by the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS), global defense expenditures reached $2.46 trillion in 2024, marking an increase from $2.24 trillion in the previous year.

This brought the average defense spending to 1.9% of global GDP, up from 1.6% in 2022 and 1.8% in 2023. The GlobalFirepower Index revealed that in 2025, the United States remains the world's largest military spender, accounting for 62.3% of the total among the top five military spenders, followed by China (18.6%) and Russia (8.8%). India and Saudi Arabia also ranked among the top military spenders.

India is recognised as one of the world's leading military powers, ranking fourth on the Global Firepower Index with a score of 0.1184.
Four Indian universities have made it to the latest Times Higher Education (THE) World Reputation Rankings 2025 list, but all have witnessed a decline in their rankings compared to last year.

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, which was previously ranked 101-125, has slipped to the 201-300 bracket. The other three universities on the list are IIT Delhi, IIT Madras, and Shiksha ‘O’ Anusandhan.

The 2025 edition marks the introduction of six performance indicators: research vote count, teaching vote count, research pairwise comparison, teaching pairwise comparison, research voter diversity, and teaching voter diversity. The rankings feature 300 institutions across 38 countries and territories.

Globally, Harvard University has retained its number-one position for the 14th consecutive year. Among Asian institutions, China’s Tsinghua University remains in eighth place, while Japan’s University of Tokyo has significantly jumped to tenth place from its previous position of 28th.
Global Investors Summit (GIS) 2025 was held in Bhopal and inaugurated by PM Modi on 24th February. The event shattered records, with MoUs worth Rs 30.77 lakh crore signed, over 25,000 registrations, and more than 100 foreign delegates from over 60 countries attending.

Nine partner countries—Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Turkey, Poland, Russia, Rwanda, and the United Kingdom—joined the summit. The NRI Madhya Pradesh Summit, held as part of GIS 2025, saw over 500 NRIs participating.
Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal, founder and chairman of Bharti Enterprises, received the insignia of the Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) or Honorary Knighthood (KBE) on 22nd February.
The Indian Coast Guard conducted the 'Sagar Kavach' exercise along West Bengal's 158-kilometer coastline on February 21–22, 2025, to enhance coastal security.
Manohar International Airport (GOX), operated by GMR Goa International Airport Ltd. (GGIAL), has become the first Indian airport to win the "Sarvashrestha Suraksha Puraskar (Golden Trophy)" at the NSCI Safety Awards 2024 in the ‘Service Sector’ category.
Bisleri International has signed a MoU with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as part of the ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0 Programme’ to rejuvenate and protect historic water bodies at heritage sites across India.
India expects to sell short-range missiles, Akash, to the Philippines this year in a deal worth over $200 million. This marks New Delhi’s second major defense export contract with Manila, amid rising tensions with China.

The Akash surface-to-air missile system, with a range of up to 25 km (16 miles), was previously exported to Armenia in a $230-million deal last year. Bharat Dynamics Ltd, the manufacturer of the missiles, was one of the exhibitors at the Asian Defense and Security Exhibition in Manila.

The expected deal follows India's $375-million sale of the mid-range BrahMos supersonic cruise missile to the Philippines in 2022.

While India remains the world's largest arms importer, it is increasingly focusing on domestic production and defense exports to counter China’s military expansion and influence in the region, especially after the Himalayan border clashes in 2020.

India’s defense exports, including arms and ammunition, have surged nearly 150% since 2020, exceeding $2.40 billion in the fiscal year that ended in March 2024. However, its arms exports remain lower than those of Australia and South Korea, and significantly behind China, the world’s fourth-largest arms exporter.