Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Both 1 and 2”.
The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–1925) was a satyagraha against untouchability and caste discrimination.
It aimed to allow untouchables access to the public roads leading to the Vaikom temple in Travancore (present-day Kerala), which were restricted to upper castes.
The movement gained more power when Mahatma Gandhi reached Vaikom on March 1925 and held discussions with leaders of various caste groups.