Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)”.
Mediterranean climates are characterized by dry summers and wet winters. The reason for this is the seasonal shift in wind patterns.
During the summer months, Mediterranean regions are influenced by dry, hot winds from the interior, such as the Santa Ana winds in California or the Sirocco in North Africa. These winds contribute to the arid conditions during the summer.
Assertion (A): "Rainfall occurs in the winter season in Mediterranean climate." This statement is true. In Mediterranean climate regions, most of the rainfall occurs during the winter months.
Reason (R): "In summer these regions remain under the influence of dry terrestrial winds." This statement is also true. During summer, Mediterranean regions are influenced by dry, warm air masses, often due to the subtropical high-pressure systems that bring dry terrestrial (continental) winds, which prevent rainfall.
Thus, (R) is the correct explanation of (A), as the dry terrestrial winds in summer are responsible for the lack of rainfall during that season, with precipitation occurring primarily in winter.