Answer: (Detailed Solution Below)
Option B: Chauth
Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Chauth”.
Chauth is the Maratha claim of revenue for protection.
The Marathas, under the leadership of Shivaji Maharaj, established a system of revenue collection known as Chauth. It was a tax equivalent to one-fourth of the land revenue collected by a region. In exchange for this payment, the Marathas offered protection against other invaders and maintained law and order.