Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Separate electorate and reservation of seats for the Muslims in legislative assemblies ”.
This policy, introduced through the Government of India Act of 1909 (also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms), provided for separate electorates for Muslims, allowing them to vote separately from other communities and reserved seats for Muslims in legislative councils.
This institutionalized communal representation and contributed to the growth of communal politics in India, which later escalated into demands for separate electorates and eventually partition.