Answer: (Detailed Solution Below)
Option A: Photoelectric effect
Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Photoelectric effect”.
Einstein was honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon in which light shining on certain materials causes the ejection of electrons. Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect provided crucial insights into the particle-like properties of light and contributed to the development of quantum theory.