Detailed Solution:
The correct answer is “Both 1 and 2”.
Both statements are correct in highlighting the relationship between human resources (population) and economic development.
Economic development can lead to changes in population growth patterns. For instance, as economies grow and develop, access to healthcare, education, and family planning typically improves, often resulting in lower birth rates and reduced population growth over time.
This is often seen in the shift from high birth and death rates to lower rates as societies advance economically.
Population growth can influence economic development both positively and negatively. A growing population can contribute to a larger workforce, which may drive productivity and economic growth.
However, rapid population growth without adequate resources can strain an economy, leading to challenges like unemployment, resource depletion, and increased demand for social services.