The 2024 Nobel laureates in Economic Sciences, Daron Acemoglu (Turkish-American), Simon Johnson (British-American), and James Robinson (British-American), have demonstrated the critical role of societal institutions in shaping a country's prosperity.

In October 2024, Nicaragua cut diplomatic ties with Israel, condemning its actions in Gaza and labeling its government as "fascist and genocidal." Nicaragua is the geographically largest country in Central America. Its capital city is Managua.

The All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) 2021-22, conducted by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), found that the average monthly income of rural households increased by 57.6% over the past five years.

Launched on October 13, 2021, the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan has transformed India's infrastructure over the past three years by integrating data from 44 central ministries and 36 states.

India's vaccine regulatory system has been declared "functional" by the WHO after a thorough evaluation in September 2024. The system met the WHO's Global Benchmarking Tool at Maturity Level 3, reflecting its strong capabilities in ensuring vaccine safety, quality, and effectiveness.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the world's largest voluntary organization, is entering its 100th year on the occasion of Vijayadashami. The RSS was founded on 27 September 1925 in Nagpur by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar.

World Standards Day is celebrated every year on October 14. In 2024, the theme for World Standards Day is "Advancing Health Equity through Standards".

Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) is observed every October. In 2024, the campaign's theme is "No one should face breast cancer alone."

Spain's tennis legend Rafael Nadal announced his retirement from professional tennis on October 10, 2024. He will make his final appearance for Spain at the Davis Cup Finals in Malaga, Spain, in November. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. Nadal has won 22-grand slam singles title and a record 14 French Open titles.

In the 2024 Global Hunger Index, India ranks 105th out of 127 countries with sufficient data to calculate the 2024 GHI scores. With a score of 27.3, India faces a serious level of hunger. The 2024 GHI report is the 19th edition, published by Concern Worldwide (Ireland) and Welthungerhilfe (Germany).

This index ranks and allots scores to countries, is based on four indicators - undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting and child mortality.

The top three countries in the Global Hunger Index are:

1) Belarus
2) Bosnia and Herzegovina
3) Chile